Several of India’s state parties are experiencing visible internal disputes. Examples include clashes between K. T. Rama Rao and K. Kavitha within BRS in Telangana, Tejashwi and Tej Pratap Yadav within the RJD in Bihar; The NCP’s split into the Sharad Pawar faction and Ajit Pawar faction in Maharashtra, Akhilesh Yadav’s feud with Shivpal Yadav in Uttar Pradesh, etc.

Self-effort religious teachings, like those in Buddhism and Jainism, state that salvation and liberation from a cycle of rebirth is acheived through one's own efforts.On the other hand, grace based religious teachings (such as in Christianity, Islam and Judaism) rely on an external entity or saviour to provide salvation.

In 2025, the United States removed the designation of foreign terrorist organisation for Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), formerly Jabat al-Nusra. The revocation was attributed to HTS' stated commitment to combat terrorism in all its forms. This followed the announced dissolution of the group and other steps towards stability in Syria under the new Syrian government led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa who was himself previously a leader of HTS.

In Japan, “gaman” is a cultural concept that emphasizes patience, resilience, and enduring hardship without complaint. It is often practised in schools, workplaces, and public life as a virtue that maintains harmony and social order.

A perpetual bond, also known colloquially as a perpetual or perp, is a bond with no maturity date, therefore allowing it to be treated as equity, not as debt. Issuers pay coupons on perpetual bonds forever, and they do not have to redeem the principal.

Direct Restitution of colonial landholdings refers to returning back land to communities dispossessed during the colonial era (e.g. indigenous groups, tribal councils, etc.)

Pakatan Harapan (PH), is a Malaysian political coalition that made history in 2018 by winning the general election and ousting the then-ruling Barisan Nasional coalition from power for the first time since Malaysia's independence. PH fell from power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political
crisis, when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned from office, with his Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) leaving the coalition.

Following the results of the 2022 General Elections, Malaysia is ruled by a Unity Government comprised of Pakatan Harapan and UMNO. The Pakatan Harapan coalition is led by Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and consists of centre-left political parties namely Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's Justice Party (PKR), as well as centre-right political parties namely the reformist-religious National Trust Party (AMANAH), and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO). UMNO president, Zahid Hamidi is the Deputy Prime Minister of the country.

Recently, the Unity Government has come under criticism for its perceived shortcomings, particularly fuelled by Anwar's long-time rival Mahathir Mohamad and the far-right opposition coalition, Perikatan Nasional (PN).

Marriage migration corridors are recurring and structured outflows of people (often women) who move across borders primarily through marriage. Examples include Vietnamese and Cambodian women marrying rural South Korean and Taiwanese men, Filipina and Indonesian migrant workers entering long-term marriages in the Gulf, etc.